The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to take a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.